In Algerian law, institutions are broadly categorized based on their nature and function. Here's a simplified breakdown of the different kinds of institutions recognized under Algerian legal and constitutional framework:
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1. Constitutional Institutions
These are created and defined by the Algerian Constitution, and they play a central role in the organization of state power:
The President of the Republic: Head of state, holds executive power.
The Parliament: Bicameral – composed of:
People’s National Assembly (APN).
Council of the Nation.
The Government: Headed by the Prime Minister or First Minister.
The Constitutional Court: Oversees constitutionality of laws and disputes in elections.
The Judiciary: Independent, includes:
Supreme Court
Council of State
High Council of the Judiciary
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2. Judicial Institutions
These ensure the application of laws and the administration of justice:
Ordinary Courts:
Court of First Instance
Court of Appeal
Supreme Court
Administrative Courts:
Administrative Tribunal
Council of State
Specialized Courts:
Commercial Courts (some cases)
Military Courts
Juvenile Courts
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3. Independent Authorities and Control Institutions
Created to ensure oversight and integrity of public life:
Court of Auditors (Cour des Comptes): Controls public finances.
High Authority for Transparency and Anti-Corruption.
High Independent Authority for Elections (ANIE).
National Human Rights Council (CNDH).
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4. Local Institutions
These represent the decentralization of power:
Popular Communal Assemblies (APC).
Popular Wilaya Assemblies (APW).
They manage local affairs under state supervision.
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5. Public Establishments and Economic Institutions
Operate in administrative or economic fields, often with legal personality:
Public Administrative Establishments (EPA).
Public Industrial and Commercial Establishments (EPIC).
Examples:
Universities
Hospitals
National companies (e.g., Sonatrach, Air Algérie)
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