Name: Maram
,nickname: Hannache
حناش مرام فوج 16
1.Public
Institutions (State-Owned Entities)
These are institutions owned and managed by the state, created to serve the public interest. They have legal status and financial autonomy.
a. Administrative Public Institutions (EPA)
Function: Provide non-commercial public services (education, health, culture).
Examples:
University of Algiers (instead of just “universities”)
Mustapha Pacha Hospital
National Library of Algeria
b. Industrial and Commercial Public Institutions (EPIC)
Function: Provide goods/services like a business, but under state control.
Examples:
Air Algérie (national airline)
Algérienne des Eaux (ADE - water supply company)
Metro d'Alger (Algiers metro operator)
c. Independent Public Authorities
Function: Oversee sensitive areas with independence from the government.
Examples:
National Authority for Data Protection
Competition Council
High Authority for Transparency and the Prevention of Corruption
2. Private Institutions (Commercial Enterprises)
Created by individuals or legal entities to make profit.
a. Sole Proprietorships
Function: A business owned and operated by one person.
Example:
A small bakery owned by a local entrepreneur.
A freelance graphic design business.
b. Commercial Companies
Function: Businesses with multiple partners/investors.
Examples:
SARL (Limited Liability Company): e.g., Tech company with 3 founders.
SPA (Joint Stock Company): e.g., A large manufacturing firm with shareholders.
General Partnership: e.g., Law firm owned by two lawyers.
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3. Constitutional Institutions
They are created by the Constitution and are essential for the functioning of the State.
Examples:
President of the Republic – Head of State
People’s National Assembly – Lower house of Parliament
Council of the Nation – Upper house of Parliament
Constitutional Court – Ensures laws respect the Constitution
Court of Auditors – Monitors public finances
4. Judicial Institutions
They are responsible for interpreting and applying