لغة أنجليزية

In Algerian law, institutions are classified based on their roles and responsibilities within the political and legal system. These institutions can be grouped into several categories:

1. Constitutional Institutions

These are the core structures defined by the Algerian Constitution. At the top is the President of the Republic, who serves as the head of state. The Parliament is made up of two chambers: the People’s National Assembly and the Council of the Nation. There’s also the Government, led by a Prime Minister (or sometimes called the First Minister), who works with the ministers to run the country. Other important constitutional bodies include the Constitutional Court, which makes sure laws comply with the Constitution, and the High Council of the Judiciary, which helps maintain the independence of judges. The Court of Auditors monitors public finances.

2. Judicial Institutions

These deal with legal matters and ensure justice is served. They include the ordinary courts for civil and criminal cases, the Council of State which handles administrative disputes, and the Supreme Court, which is the highest court for general legal matters. The Public Prosecution Office also plays a key role in representing the state in legal proceedings.

3. Independent Authorities

Some institutions operate independently from the executive to ensure transparency and fairness. For example, the Independent National Authority for Elections oversees all election-related processes. The National Human Rights Council works to protect human rights, and there’s also a body that focuses on fighting corruption and promoting transparency.

4. Local Institutions

Algeria is divided into wilayas (provinces) and communes (municipalities). Each has its own local assemblies—the APC (People’s Communal Assembly) and the APW (People’s Wilaya Assembly)—that handle local governance. These bodies work alongside appointed officials like the Wali, who represents the central government at the local level.

5. Economic and Social Institutions

These institutions support the country’s development. The Bank of Algeria manages monetary policy, while councils like the CNESE (National Economic, Social and Environmental Council) provide advice on economic and social issues. There are also regulatory bodies that oversee sectors such as energy and telecommunications.