In Algerian law, institutions can be classified into several categories based on their functions and legal nature. Here are the main kinds of institutions in Algerian law:
1. Constitutional Institutions
These are established by the Constitution of Algeria and play a fundamental role in the functioning of the state.
The President of the Republic
The Parliament: composed of two chambers:
People’s National Assembly (APN)
Council of the Nation (Sénat)
The Government (Prime Minister or Head of Government and Ministers)
The Constitutional Court
The High Council of the Judiciary
The Court of Accounts
2. Judicial Institutions
These deal with justice and legal disputes, under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice.
Ordinary Courts:
Courts of First Instance
Courts of Appeal
Supreme Court
Administrative Courts:
Administrative Tribunals
Council of State
Specialized Courts (e.g., commercial, labor, family courts in some cases)
Public Prosecution (Ministère Public)
3. Administrative Institutions
These include all public administrative bodies that manage public affairs.
Wilaya (Governorate) and Communal Assemblies
Public Administrations (ministries, national agencies)
Public Establishments of Administrative Nature (EPA)
Ex: universities, hospitals
Public Establishments of Industrial and Commercial Nature (EPIC)
Ex: public transport companies
4. Independent Institutions and Authorities
These are often regulatory bodies or watchdogs.
Independent National Authority for Elections (ANIE)
National Human Rights Council
Authority for Audiovisual Regulation (ARAV)
Anti-Corruption Bodies
National Economic, Social and Environmental Council (CNESE)
5. Legal Institutions (Organes Juridiques)
These include professional legal bodies and institutions involved in legal practice.
Bar Associations (Ordre des avocats)
Notary and Bailiff Chambers
National Union of Judges or Magistrates
6. Educational and Scientific Institutions
They are governed by public law but have academic autonomy.
Universities
Research Centers
Academies and Higher Schools (like ENA)