The organization of institutions in Algerian law reflects the state’s intention to build a balanced legal and political system based on the principle of separation of powers and institutional cooperation. The Algerian Constitution provides for a variety of institutions, each with specific legal status and functions, aimed at ensuring political stability, protecting rights and freedoms, and reinforcing the rule of law.
Institutions in Algerian law are classified into several categories. First, there are the constitutional institutions, established explicitly by the 2020 Constitution. These include the President of the Republic (Articles 91–104), the Parliament with its two chambers—the People's National Assembly and the Council of the Nation (Articles 138–159), and the Constitutional Court (Articles 225–230), which ensures the supremacy of the Constitution and arbitrates institutional disputes.
In addition, there are judicial institutions that guarantee the independence of the judiciary and the fair application of justice, such as the Supreme Court and the Council of State. These are addressed in Articles 178 to 190 of the Constitution, and further detailed by Organic Law No. 11-10 on the organization of the judiciary.
There are also independent bodies established to ensure impartiality and transparency in key sectors. These include the National Independent Authority for Elections (ANIE) (Article 213), the National Authority for the Prevention and Fight against Corruption, and the National Human Rights Council (Article 200).
Moreover, territorial institutions represent the state at the regional level, comprising wilayas (provinces) and communes (municipalities) (Articles 143–149). These entities, managed by elected officials and appointed governors (walis), play a central role in local governance and the implementation of public policies.
The diversity and structure of institutions in Algerian law reflect the legislator’s commitment to establishing a strong, coherent, and accountable system of governance. The real challenge lies in the practical effectiveness of these institutions in fulfilling their missions in accordance with the principles of legality, transparency, and democratic accountability.