In Algerian law, the institutions can be categorized based on their functions, legal status, and role in governance. And the main types of institutions in Algerian law are:
1. Constitutional Institutions:
They are established by the Algerian Constitution and form the backbone of the state’s governance.
- The President of the Republic: It is the Head of state with the wider executive powers.
- People's National Assembly (APN): It’s the lower house of the Algerian Parliament.
- Council of the Nation: in the opposite it is the upper house of the Parliament.
- The Government: Led by the Prime Minister (or First Minister depending on the legislative election’s results), and composed of ministers.
- The Constitutional Court: It ensures the constitutionality of laws and regulations. (Compliance with the Constitution)
- The Judiciary: The independent courts including the Supreme Court and Council of State.
- The High Council of the Judiciary: Its mission is to oversee the independence and discipline of judges.
- The Court of Auditors: It monitors public finances and audits state institutions.
- The High Islamic Council: Advisory body on Islamic and religious affairs.
2. Administrative Institutions:
These are responsible for managing public services and implementing government policy.
- Wilayas (Provinces) – Main administrative divisions headed by a wali (governor).
- Dairas and Communes – Subdivisions of wilayas, led by local officials.
- Ministries and Government Agencies – Sector-specific bodies like the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Interior, etc.
3. Independent Authorities and Regulatory Bodies:
These function with a degree of autonomy from the executive to ensure impartiality.
- Independent National Electoral Authority (ANIE) – Oversees elections.
- High Authority for Transparency, Prevention and Fight Against Corruption – Anti-corruption watchdog.
- Audio-Visual Regulatory Authority (ARAV) – Regulates media and broadcasting.
- National Human Rights Council (CNDH) – Promotes and protects human rights.
4. Judicial Institutions :
Part of the judiciary but structurally and functionally distinct.
- Supreme Court – Highest court in civil and criminal matters.
- Council of State (Conseil d’État) – Highest administrative court.
- Specialized Courts and Tribunals – Including military courts, commercial courts, etc.
5. Public Economic Institutions :
These include state-owned enterprises and institutions that participate in economic regulation.
- Sonatrach – National oil company.
- Public banks and insurance companies – Like Banque Nationale d’Algérie (BNA).
- Regulatory commissions – For telecommunications, energy, and competition.
6. Educational, Cultural, and Religious Institutions:
Often public bodies with specific social missions.
- Universities and Research Institutes
- National Library and Cultural Centers
- Mosques and Religious Councils