لغة أنجليزية

In the Algerian law, an institution generally refers to a structured body or organization, established by law, that performs specific public or private functions to maintain order and deliver services or regulate societal relations ,these Institutions can be legal, political, administrative, or social. They are fundamental pillars of the state and society also functioning under the framework of the constitution and national laws.

Institutions in the Algerian law can be devided into several different types:

1.Constitutional Institutions:

These are institutions explicitly established by the Algerian Constitution and play a vital role in the functioning of the state, such as:

•The President of the Republic: He is the head of state, ensures the Constitution is respected,and represents national unity.

•Parliament: it’s a Bicameral legislature that consists of(People’s National Assembly and Council of the Nation).

•The Government: Headed by the Prime Minister or First Minister that enforces laws and manages public administration.

•The Constitutional Court: it Ensures the constitutionality of laws and arbitrates in constitutional disputes.

•The High Council of the Judiciary: Oversees the independence and functioning of the judiciary.

2. Judicial Institutions:

These are part of the justice system and operate under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice:

•Courts and Tribunals: Include first-instance courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, and the Supreme Court.

•Council of State: which is the Highest administrative court.

•Public Prosecution Services:it Represent the state in criminal proceedings.

3. Independent Authorities and Oversight Bodies:

These types of institutions are Created to regulate and supervise as well as protect rights and freedoms:

•National Human Rights Council

•High Independent Authority for Election Monitoring (ANIE)

•Court of Auditors: Monitors the use of public funds.

•Anti-Corruption Bodies

•Audiovisual Regulatory Authority

4. Economic and Financial Institutions:

These are created to Manage and regulate Algeria’s economic and financial affairs:

•Bank of Algeria (Central Bank)

•Public Treasury

•National Investment Council

•Public and Private Banks

5. Social and Educational Institutions:

They Operate in education, healthcare and also culture, and social welfare:

•Universities and Research Centers

•Hospitals and Health Agencies

•Social Security Funds (eg: CNAS, CASNOS)

•Cultural Institutions (eg: national libraries, museums).